Holography is the science and practice of making holograms. Jeong lake forest college lake forest, illinois holography is a much broader field than most people have perceived. The optics table has been divided into two partitions which allows a specific setup to remain intact. Digital holography technique allows recording and reconstruction of. Holography is the method of recording and reconstruction of the total optical information from the object. The more common holograms that can be seen under white light are referred to as reflection holograms and are created when the object and reference beams are incident on opposite faces of the film. Recording and reconstruction process in holography. By demanding that this endpoint can be transformed to a simple.
The reconstruction of the object field encoded within the hologram is based on the principle of light diffraction. To fully understand the history of holography you need to have a basic idea of what a hologram is. Principle of holography holography works on the principles of interference and diffraction of light two step process. Dec 05, 2017 this is small topic of engineering physics. Record a white light reflection hologram and process it to get a phase hologram. Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms with variable. A method for object volume reconstruction based on the capture of only one offaxis hologram is discussed. Weiner 1sandia national laboratories, 1515 eubank blvd. Timeline of holography 5 mic college of technology 6. First, digital holography can dramatically simplify the whole reconstruction process, since the.
Digital holography using a laser pointer and consumer. Holography, on the other hand does not utilize a lens to form a latent image. Comparative study of digital holography reconstruction methods. Schnars and juptner applied their method to interferome. Because phase is a relative property, construction of a. Optimized image reconstruction in digital holography.
The technique of holography can also be used to optically store, retrieve, and process information. A reconstruction beam of light is used to reconstruct the object wavefront. Single shot digital holography using iterative reconstruction. Thus, the conventional reconstruction scheme is inef. The principle of recording and reconstruction of holograms is shown in fig. Holograms can also be created using an expanding laser beam, but the magnification will vary with depth and this must be compensated for in the reconstruction program. Reconstruction work equally well in kirchhoff region, so able to form very wide aperture systems. Synthesis and display of dynamic holographic 3d scenes with real. Holography modern physics lab, ucsd department of physics written by michael pollack theory. The virtual image appears behind the hologram at the same position as the object ii transmission holograms. Inline holography is known to be restricted to dilute media, i. Here we investigate digital holography reconstruction methods and compare them for the accuracy and the computational speed. In this paper, we present the potentialities of the digital holography microscopy for 3d image reconstruction of transparent microscopic objects. Although these technologies present a technological shift towards bringing the 3d models to site, they are still in their development period and are still relying on special goggles or setups most of the times.
If so, and the wave, restored from the hologram, completely corresponds to the object at recording, hence, this wave can be investigated by the same optical methods, as the object. The confocal scanning laser holography cslh microscope was built and. Ohno, realtime hologram construction and reconstruction using a high. Digital inline holographic microscopy jorge garciasucerquia, wenbo xu, stephan k. Record a laser light hologram and process it to get a phase hologram. Here we describe a new method for numerically reconstructing. The development of new holography methods made it suitable for new industrial and scientific applications. After invention of holography by dennis gabor in 1947 it is widely used in various areas.
Pdf 3d volume reconstruction using hologram researchgate. In the reconstruction process, the hologram is illuminated by laser beam and this beam is called reconstruction beam. The phases of the stored light waves can be calculateddirectly from the digital holograms, without. This book presents a selfcontained treatment of the principles and major applications of digital hologram recording and numerical reconstruction digital holography. Shotmt, the 3d profile of the object can be found by combining the 2d. To make holography accessible to a general audience with widely varied backgrounds, a physical model is useful.
It is a problem of image recognition, interferometry of measurement, holographic optical elements, questions of image processing and many others. During the recording of the hologram the wave diffracted by the object and the reference wave are recombined on the same side of the photosensitive plate. In a known conventional method of transmission hologram construction a single beam of radiation emanating from a single beam source usually a laser is split. Sep 30, 2010 history of holography invented in 1948 by dennis gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser leith and upatnieks 1962 applied laser light to holography and introduced an important offaxis technique. Reconstruction of image in the reconstruction process, the hologram is illuminated by laser beam and this beam is called reconstruction beam. The principals of wavefront reconstruction were discovered by gabor in an attempt to. Resolution enhancement in digital holography by self. Recording reconstruction 6 mic college of technology 7. In zhao 2008 recording and reconstruction of a color holographic image by using digital lensless fourier transform holography was demonstrated. The photographic recording of the image is called a hologram, which appears to be an unrecognizable pattern of stripes and whorls but whichwhen illuminated by coherent light, as by a laser beamorganizes the light into a threedimensional representation of the original object. Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy myung k. However, in digital holography the overall achievable resolution in the reconstruction is believed to be limited by the size of the captured digital record 14.
Arrangements for left creating a hologram and right reconstructing an image from a hologram. Holography, means of creating a unique photographic image without the use of a lens. Digital holography became feasible since charged coupled devices ccds with suitable numbers and sizes of pixels and computers with suf. Inline hologram reconstruction with sparsity constraints. Optical scanning holography osh 1 has the benefit of recording the entire threedimensional 3d volume of a specimen in the form of a two dimensional 2d hologram. This article describes the principles and major applications of digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms digital holography. History of holography invented in 1948 by dennis gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser leith and upatnieks 1962 applied laser light to holography and introduced an important offaxis technique. Single shot digital holography using iterative reconstruction with alternating updates of amplitude and phase dennis j. Digital holography using a laser pointer and consumer digital. In this letter, we use bayesian framework with a sparsityenforcing prior for hologram reconstructions.
This framework is much more flexible than existing work, in the sense that it can handle. This paper investigates the influence of deconvolution psf on particle image reconstruction in digital holography for multiple particles. If the holographic plate is illuminated after its development using the same reference wave used in the recording process, the light will diffract into three orders of diffraction if the diffraction network is sinusoidal. The light coming from the object under test and a reference wave interfere in the hologram plane.
Transmission holography is the most widespread type. This beam is identical to reference beam used in construction of hologram. It is shown that construction of the hologram constitutes a sequence of three wellknown operations. Hence the working of holography is divided into two phases. Intrinsic to the principle of holography is that even a fraction of a hologram permits the reconstruction of the entire object 12. The primary and the conjugated images appear in the second focal plane symmetric to the optical axis. Holography october, 2006 overview since the last writing 2002, many changes and improvements have been made during the past few years. However, some holographic applications are not widely known in modern life. Holography is a method that allows reconstruction of whole optical wave fields. The reconstruction is done by illuminating the hologram with and axially parallel plane wave as shown in figure 2. Microwave holography infrared holography ultraviolet holography xrayholography electron holography acoustic holography lightinflightholography polarization holography conoscopic holography pseudodeep holograms digital holography conclusion references appendix 1 the mathematical background to holography formation of a hologram reconstruction. Recording and reconstruction of holograms 2 22603 phywe series of publications laboratory experiments physics phywe systeme gmbh 37070 gottingen, germany transmission hologram perform the experimental setup according to fig.
Pdf dynamic digital holography for recording and reconstruction. Lti is the world leader in industrial laser shearography and holography ndt services and equipment for the aerospace, military. The techniques that combine optical acquisition with later processing of the dhs. Pdf in this work, we present the optical recording and reconstruction of dynamic 3d digital.
More complete discussions of the theory are in references 1, 2, 3. Laminate it for reconstruction by a white light source. Holographic interferometry holography virtual gallery. A 3d scene is synthesized combining multiple optically recorded. Unlike ordinary photographs, holograms record both phase and amplitude information. Holography accomplishes such a reconstruction by recording the phase content as well as the amplitude content of the reflected light waves of a laser beam. Holography is an advanced form of photography that allows an image to be recorded in three dimensions. Fth mask fourier transform holography mask focused ion beam milling was used to pattern the au structure.
Digital holography is an emerging field of new paradigm in general imaging applications. It relies on the principle of interference to produce an image. Listen to jason arthur sapan talk about the history of holography on gizmodo. Comparative study of digital holography reconstruction methods indranil acharya a, divyanshu upadhyay b a m. Compared with conventional methods, digital holography has some obvious advantages. The first part deals with optical foundations and the theory of holography. However, its presence degrades the primary wave and prevents getting a high quality hologram.
Basic principles and applications of holography spie. Recording and reconstruction process in holography winner. The numerical reconstruction process is based on the fresnelkirchhoff integral, which describes the diffraction of the reconstructing wave at the microstructure of the hologram. The discussion in this chapter will also make clear the need for a cylindrical shaped hologram, and explain its advantages and disadvantages. This paper discusses the reconstruction of sectional images from a hologram generated by optical scanning holography. Reconstruction enhancements with optical scanning holography.
A low error reconstruction method for confocal holography. Holography is a technique that enables a light field which is generally the result of a light source scattered off objects to be recorded and later reconstructed when the original light field is no longer present, due to the absence of the original objects. The name for the technique that was developed comes from the greek word holos, meaning whole, and gramma, meaning message. During reconstruction, depending on the orientation of the. How holograms work the timevarying light field of a scene with all its physical properties is to be recorded and then regenerated. The term hologram is a combination of the greek words holos complete and gram message holography is a process for recording and displaying three dimensional information without lenses therefore holography opens up completely new possibilities in science, engineering, graphics and arts.
Osa reconstruction of sectional images in holography. This framework is much more flexible than existing work, in the sense that it can handle objects with multiple sections. The hologram is then illuminated with laser light transmission or white light reflection. That point therefore constitutes a substantially fixed apparent beam source position which remains stationary relative to the film over which the beam is scanned. In recent years the field of digital holography became an attractive research area following the developments of ccdarrays and an ever increasing computational power of computers. May 04, 2015 timeline of holography 5 mic college of technology 6. A part of reconstructed particle images is employed as the psf to reduce the noise in reconstructed images. A hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than an image formed by a lens. A low error reconstruction method for confocal holography to. The reconstruction beam is positioned at the same angle as the illuminating beam that was used during the recording phase. This publication about the special holographic application holographic. Completing the reconstruction of the pure gravity sector and beyond 52. Pdf recording and reconstruction of a color holographic. Experimental setup for recording a transmission hologram.
Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy. A qualitative discussion of making and reconstructing transmission holograms. This chapter addresses optical holography as practiced in or near the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms with. Just as chemists use sticks and balls to help them visualize the structure of molecules, our model will allow us to visualize, and thus understand, the physical characteristics of holograms without using advanced mathematics. Modern optics t h e i t y o f e d i n b u r g h topic 10. May 04, 1993 the present invention relates to hologram construction and more particularly to a method and apparatus for constructing holograms and holograms made by use of such method and apparatus. We present a mathematical model for the holographic image capture, which facilitates the use of inverse imaging techniques to recover individual sections.
Recording and reconstruction of a color holographic image by using digital lensless fourier transform holography article pdf available in optics express 164. The theory behind holography is rather straightforward and based on the fact that information recorded in the emulsion of photographic or holographic film is caused by the intensity, not the phase, of the electromagnetic wave incident on the film. Dynamic digital holography for recording and reconstruction of 3d. Holography can be thought of as somewhat similar to sound recording, whereby a sound. Holography is a method of recording and reconstructing wavefronts residing anywhere in the electromagnetic spectrum or acoustic spectrum.
The incident light is focussed onto the mirror at this point so that the illuminating beam for the hologram construction always appears to diverge from it. Our technique is based on the cepstrum of the measurements. Reconstruction of the original volume can be accomplished by applying digital reconstruction or. Reconstruct it by verifying the virtual and the real image. Pdf 3d volume reconstruction technology is the new sign of future. A confocal holography microscope developed at the university of victoria uniquely combines holography with a scanning confocal microscope to nonintrusively measure fluid temperatures in threedimensions herring, 1997, abe and iwasaki, 1999, jacquemin et al. The difference between holography and photography is best understood by considering what a black and white photograph actually is. Understand that making a hologram requires the recording of interference patterns.
Reconstruction dc beam beam with the order separated, and useful foci both real and virtual. Pdf holography is the science of making holograms which are usually intended for displaying three dimensional images. Osa reconstruction of sectional images in holography using. Digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms. First, the basic results from the general theory of holography, based on the scalar diffraction theory, are summarized, and a general description of the digital holographic microscopy process is given, including quantitative phase microscopy. Holography is now offered in both sessions of phys 128ab, allowing more students to perform the lab. The interference pattern is captured by the film and processed. Holography 1 holography introduction and background the aesthetic appeal and commercial usefulness of holography are both related to the ability of a hologram to store a threedimensional image. Kim university of south florida, department of physics, 4202 e.
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